The Age of Prediction by Igor Tulchinsky & Christopher Mason

Author:Igor Tulchinsky & Christopher Mason [Tulchinsky, Igor & Mason, Christopher]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Prediction; Risk; Quantitative Finance; Genetics; Genomics; Moral Hazard; Uncertainty; Algorithms; AI; Data Science; Privacy; Social Networks.
Publisher: MIT Press
Published: 2023-08-02T00:00:00+00:00

Molecular Signatures

What can we find in a pile of DNA left behind at a crime scene? A great deal (figure 7.1).

With NGS devices getting smaller and more portable, sequencing can be done anywhere and anytime, such as during an Ebola disease outbreak, or even on the space station. NGS has enabled us not only to sequence DNA but to go beyond it; this makes the Age of Prediction a postgenomic era. We are using these technologies to investigate all aspects of the central dogma of molecular biology, including gene expression, DNA structure, and regulation, and to explore areas of human biology such as the dynamic epigenome, which has its own epigenetic age, and the landscape of RNA modifications and regulation known as the epitranscriptome.

Additional individual-identifiable data have also come from the microbiome, or the vast diversity of microorganisms that are in, on, and around us, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi residing within or on the body, and from the metagenome, the genome across all species. Recent estimates suggest that there are likely as many bacterial cells alive in our bodies as there are human cells—sometimes more. NGS has been used to discern where these organisms are located in the human body, creating a kind of molecular cartography. Investigating the microbiome has also enabled the discovery of new drugs, and recent work in metagenomics has examined life across kingdoms, including urban genetic maps of cities around the world (the MetaSUB project), a comprehensive microbiome map of Earth’s cities, as well as an analysis of extremophiles, microorganisms that live in extreme conditions.

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